Converts sunlight into electricity?

• A. Photovoltaic (PV)
• B. Hydropower
• C. Wind power
• D. Geothermal

Answer: (A)

Directly converting sunlight into electricity is what photovoltaics do. Photovoltaic cells use a semiconductor junction to turn light energy into electrical energy—the photons excite electrons, creating charge carriers that flow as current. This is a direct conversion: sunlight becomes electricity without needing moving water, wind, or heat from the Earth as intermediate forms. The other options rely on different energy sources: hydropower uses the kinetic energy of moving water to spin a turbine, wind power uses wind to turn a turbine, and geothermal taps heat from the Earth to drive a turbine or generate steam. So for the question about turning sunlight into electricity, photovoltaic (PV) is the correct choice.